CallByValue&Reference

 1.Call by Value:

• Call by value is a method of passing arguments to a function where the actual value of the argument is passed to the function.
• In call by value, the function receives a copy of the argument's value, not the original variable.
• Changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original value outside the function.
• Primitive data types like integers, floats, and characters are typically passed by value.

Example in C#:

void Increment(int x) { x++; // Increment the copy of x } int num = 10; Increment(num); // Call by value Console.WriteLine(num); // Output: 10 (original value unchanged)

2.Call by Reference:

• Call by reference is a method of passing arguments to a function where the reference (memory address) of the variable is passed to the function.
• In call by reference, the function receives a reference to the original variable, allowing it to modify the original value.
• Changes made to the parameter inside the function affect the original value outside the function.
• Objects, arrays, and explicitly using ref or out keywords in C# enable call by reference.

Example in C#:

void Increment(ref int x) { x++; // Increment the original x } int num = 10; Increment(ref num); // Call by reference Console.WriteLine(num); // Output: 11 (original value modified)

In summary, call by value passes a copy of the variable's value to the function, while call by reference passes a reference to the variable's memory address, allowing the function to modify the original value.